Archive for the ‘IT’ Category
Symfony 筆記 (7): Object-Relational Mapping (ORM) with Propel
Monday, May 26th, 2008總之,ORM 就是可以省下寫 database specific SQL 的麻煩的 abstraction 就是了。Symfony 用的是 Propel,是一個 PHP5 的 database framework,跟 ADOdb 是類似的東西,雖然兩者到底詳細差在哪我也不知道。不過總之 Symfony 的作者們決定用 Propel 來省下許多 code generation 和實作 ORM。
有幾個非常重要的檔案必須編輯好才能使用 Symfony 裡面的 propel 功能。
- myproject/config/databases.yml
- myproject/config/propel.ini
- myproject/config/schema.yml
老實說 propel.ini 和 schema.yml 為啥要有兩個檔案,我也不知道 (as of now)。總之兩個檔案都得把 database 的設定寫進去就是了。然後 schema.yml 才是整個 ORM 的重點,Symfony 就是讀這個檔案生出所有 database object class 的。習慣直接編輯 schema.yml 的話是會很方便,不過老實說我也還不習慣,所以都用 phpmyadmin 先把 database 生好然後再讓 Symfony 生出 schema.yml。
database.yml
all:
propel:
class: sfPropelDatabase
param:
dsn: mysql://username:password@localhost/database
propel.ini (上面)
propel.targetPackage = lib.model propel.packageObjectModel = true propel.project = myproject propel.database = mysql propel.database.createUrl = mysql://username:password@localhost/ propel.database.url = mysql://username:password@localhost/database
大致的生產順序如下:
- 產生 schema.yml (自己編輯或者讓 symfony 照著建好的 database 生)
讓 symfony 照著 database 生出 schema.yml:
symfony propel-build-schema - 產生 ORM classes
symfony propel-build-model
用這個 schema.yml 當範例
propel:
blog_article:
_attributes: { phpName: Article }
id:
title: varchar(255)
content: longvarchar
created_at:
blog_comment:
_attributes: { phpName: Comment }
id:
article_id:
author: varchar(255)
content: longvarchar
created_at:
會生出 8 個檔案,4 個檔案在 lib/model/om/ 下面 (Base Class):
- BaseArticle.php
- BaseArticlePeer.php
- BaseComment.php
- BaseCommentPeer.php
然後另外 4 個檔案在 lib/model/ 下面 (Custom Class):
- Article.php
- ArticlePeer.php
- Comment.php
- CommentPeer.php
生在 lib/model/om/ 下面的檔案只要每次跑 propel-build-model 就會重新被蓋過,所以如果要自己修改 model 增加功能的話,就得修改 lib/model/ 下面的 class。在 Base class 裡面所有 field 的 accessor 都會被自動生出來,也就是說上面這個 yml 生出來的 model 可以這樣使用。
// 單純是示範怎麼用 primary key
$articles = ArticlePeer::retrieveByPks(array(123, 124, 125));
// 使用 setter/getter
$article = new Article();
$article->setTitle('My first article');
$article->setContent('This is my very first article.\n Hope you enjoy it!');
$article->save();
$title = $article->getTitle();
$content = $article->getContent();
// 這才是 ORM 的精華
$comments = $article->getComments();
要如何 Query 比較複雜的判斷呢?答案是用 Criteria 這個 class。以下這段的功能:
$c = new Criteria(); $c->add(CommentPeer::AUTHOR, 'Steve'); $c->addJoin(CommentPeer::ARTICLE_ID, ArticlePeer::ID); $c->add(ArticlePeer::CONTENT, '%enjoy%', Criteria::LIKE); $c->addAscendingOrderByColumn(CommentPeer::CREATED_AT); $comments = CommentPeer::doSelect($c);
其實就等於 SQL 下面的:
SELECT blog_comment.ID, blog_comment.ARTICLE_ID, blog_comment.AUTHOR,
blog_comment.CONTENT, blog_comment.CREATED_AT
FROM blog_comment, blog_article
WHERE blog_comment.AUTHOR = 'Steve'
AND blog_article.CONTENT LIKE '%enjoy%'
AND blog_comment.ARTICLE_ID = blog_article.ID
ORDER BY blog_comment.CREATED_AT ASC
常用到的 condition 可以參考這個列表:
| SQL | Criteria |
|---|---|
| WHERE column = value | ->add(column, value); |
| WHERE column <> value | ->add(column, value, Criteria::NOT_EQUAL); |
| Other Comparison Operators | |
| > , < | Criteria::GREATER_THAN, Criteria::LESS_THAN |
| >=, <= | Criteria::GREATER_EQUAL, Criteria::LESS_EQUAL |
| IS NULL, IS NOT NULL | Criteria::ISNULL, Criteria::ISNOTNULL |
| LIKE, ILIKE | Criteria::LIKE, Criteria::ILIKE |
| IN, NOT IN | Criteria::IN, Criteria::NOT_IN |
| Other SQL Keywords | |
| ORDER BY column ASC | ->addAscendingOrderByColumn(column); |
| ORDER BY column DESC | ->addDescendingOrderByColumn(column); |
| LIMIT limit | ->setLimit(limit) |
| OFFSET offset | ->setOffset(offset) |
| FROM table1, table2 WHERE table1.col1 = table2.col2 | ->addJoin(col1, col2) |
| FROM table1 LEFT JOIN table2 ON table1.col1 = table2.col2 | ->addJoin(col1, col2, Criteria::LEFT_JOIN) |
| FROM table1 RIGHT JOIN table2 ON table1.col1 = table2.col2 | ->addJoin(col1, col2, Criteria::RIGHT_JOIN) |
Symfony 筆記 (6): User Login & Access Restriction
Monday, May 26th, 2008雖然說其實翻翻文件就知道要改哪裡,在這邊記錄下來也只是方便自己不用再回去翻。其實在 Symfony 裡面要實作 Access Restriction (存取限制?) 很簡單,真的只是改 2 個 yml 檔案而已:
- apps/myapp/modules/mymodule/config/security.yml
- apps/myapp/config/settings.yml
apps/myapp/modules/mymodule/config/security.yml 定義著每個 module 下面 action 的存取限制。如果 is_secure = on 的話那就必須要有被認證過 (在 action 下面被 $this->getUser()->setAuthenticated(true);) 才能存取,不然的話依照另一個檔案的設定會被導到預設的 login page。
如果有設定 credentials 的話那除了必須要 authenticated 以外還得有被 addCrendential 過才行。
read: is_secure: off # All users can request the read action update: is_secure: on # The update action is only for authenticated users delete: is_secure: on # Only for authenticated users credentials: admin # With the admin credential all: is_secure: off # off is the default value anyway
apps/myapp/config/settings.yml 可以設定預設的 login module 和 action
all:
.actions:
login_module: default
login_action: login
secure_module: default
secure_action: secure
簡易的登入登出會是像這樣子
class myAccountActions extends sfActions
{
public function executeLogin()
{
if ($this->getRequestParameter('login') == 'foobar')
{
$this->getUser()->setAuthenticated(true);
}
}
public function executeLogout()
{
if ($this->getUser()->isAuthenticated())
{
$this->getUser()->setAuthenticated(false);
}
}
}
然後有關 Credential 的 Demo:
class myAccountActions extends sfActions
{
public function executeDoThingsWithCredentials()
{
$user = $this->getUser();
// Add one or more credentials
$user->addCredential('foo');
$user->addCredentials('foo', 'bar');
// Check if the user has a credential
echo $user->hasCredential('foo'); => true
// Check if the user has both credentials
echo $user->hasCredential(array('foo', 'bar')); => true
// Check if the user has one of the credentials
echo $user->hasCredential(array('foo', 'bar'), false); => true
// Remove a credential
$user->removeCredential('foo');
echo $user->hasCredential('foo'); => false
// Remove all credentials (useful in the logout process)
$user->clearCredentials();
echo $user->hasCredential('bar'); => false
}
}
最後是在 template 裡面要知道 credential 也是透過 $sf_user 這個看過才知道的物件。
<ul>
<li><?php echo link_to('section1', 'content/section1') ?></li>
<li><?php echo link_to('section2', 'content/section2') ?></li>
<?php if ($sf_user->hasCredential('section3')): ?>
<li><?php echo link_to('section3', 'content/section3') ?></li>
<?php endif; ?>
</ul>
Symfony 筆記 (5): Session & Cookie
Monday, May 26th, 2008Symfony 裡面的 Session 是透過 sfUser 這個 class 來完成的,可以在 action 裡面透過 $this->getUser() 來取得。關於 cookie 本身的設定則是在 apps/myapp/config/factories.yml 下面。Session 的存活時間 (timeout) 則是在 apps/myapp/config/settings.yml 裡面。
class mymoduleActions extends sfActions
{
public function executeFirstPage()
{
$nickname = $this->getRequestParameter('nickname');
// Store data in the user session
$this->getUser()->setAttribute('nickname', $nickname);
}
public function executeSecondPage()
{
// Retrieve data from the user session with a default value
$nickname = $this->getUser()->getAttribute('nickname', 'Anonymous Coward');
}
}
除掉 Session 裡面的資料:
class mymoduleActions extends sfActions
{
public function executeRemoveNickname()
{
$this->getUser()->getAttributeHolder()->remove('nickname');
}
public function executeCleanup()
{
$this->getUser()->getAttributeHolder()->clear();
}
}
然後在 Template 裡面則是用 $sf_use 這個預設的物件來存取,沒看 documentation 鬼才知道。
<p>
Hello, <?php echo $sf_user->getAttribute('nickname') ?>
</p>
Symfony 筆記 (4): sfActions
Monday, May 26th, 2008看到這段 Code 的時候真是有種喔原來有這些喔的感覺,趕快記錄下來。這些都是在 Action 裡面可以用的 method,重點是沒有查 API 誰會知道有這些可以用。[sfActions API]
class mymoduleActions extends sfActions
{
public function executeIndex()
{
// Retrieving request parameters
$password = $this->getRequestParameter('password');
// Retrieving controller information
$moduleName = $this->getModuleName();
$actionName = $this->getActionName();
// Retrieving framework core objects
$request = $this->getRequest();
$userSession = $this->getUser(); // 這個最不像
$response = $this->getResponse();
$controller = $this->getController();
$context = $this->getContext();
// Setting action variables to pass information to the template
$this->setVar('foo', 'bar');
$this->foo = 'bar'; // Shorter version
}
}
以上的 $this 如果在 Template 裡面要呼叫的話,記得使用 $sf_context 這個物件。
sfActions 的不同用法:
class mymoduleActions extends sfActions
{
public function preExecute()
{
// The code inserted here is executed at the beginning of each action call
...
}
public function executeIndex()
{
...
}
public function executeList()
{
...
$this->myCustomMethod(); // Methods of the action class are accessible
}
public function postExecute()
{
// The code inserted here is executed at the end of each action call
...
}
protected function myCustomMethod()
{
// You can also add your own methods, as long as they don't start with "execute"
// In that case, it's better to declare them as protected or private
...
}
}
File Upload 在 Symfony 下面非常簡單就解決,想想看如果指有用 php 寫處理個檔案上傳要寫幾行?
class mymoduleActions extends sfActions
{
public function executeUpload()
{
if ($this->getRequest()->hasFiles())
{
foreach ($this->getRequest()->getFileNames() as $fileName)
{
$fileSize = $this->getRequest()->getFileSize($fileName);
$fileType = $this->getRequest()->getFileType($fileName);
$fileError = $this->getRequest()->hasFileError($fileName);
$uploadDir = sfConfig::get('sf_upload_dir');
$this->getRequest()->moveFile('file', $uploadDir.'/'.$fileName);
}
}
}
}
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